Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 14, 2026
Simulator Training for Endovascular Neurosurgery
Published on: May 6, 2020
[Simulation in surgical training]
1Klink für Neurochirurgie, International Neuroscience Institute (INI) Hannover GmbH, Rudolf-Pichlmayr-Straße 4, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland. nabavi@ini-hannover.de.
Background:
Patient safety during operations hinges on the surgeon's skills and abilities. However, surgical training has come under a variety of restrictions. To acquire dexterity with decreasingly "simple" cases, within the legislative time constraints and increasing expectations for surgical results is the future challenge.
Objectives:
Are there alternatives to traditional master-apprentice learning?
Materials And Methods:
A literature review and analysis of the development, implementation, and evaluation of surgical simulation are presented.
Results:
Simulation, using a variety of methods, most important physical and virtual (computer-generated) models, provides a safe environment to practice basic and advanced skills without endangering patients. These environments have specific strengths and weaknesses.
Conclusions:
Simulations can only serve to decrease the slope of learning curves, but cannot be a substitute for the real situation. Thus, they have to be an integral part of a comprehensive training curriculum. Our surgical societies have to take up that challenge to ensure the training of future generations.
