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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

2.1K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Microvesicles from Peripheral Blood
06:03

Isolation and Characterization of Microvesicles from Peripheral Blood

Published on: January 6, 2017

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Microvesicles in Autoimmune Diseases.

M-L Liu1, K J Williams2, V P Werth1

  • 1Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center (Philadelphia), Philadelphia, PA, United States.

Advances in Clinical Chemistry
|October 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular microvesicles, released during apoptosis, can accelerate autoimmune responses. This review examines their role in the pathogenesis and complications of autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
AngiogenesisAutoimmune inflammationAutoimmunityEndothelial dysfunctionMicroparticleMicrovesicleThrombosisVascular inflammationmiRNAssiRNAs

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Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Cells release membrane microvesicles (microparticles) during apoptosis or activation.
  • These microvesicles contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, acting in intercellular communication.
  • Apoptosis is linked to autoimmune disease development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on the role of microvesicles in autoimmune disease pathogenesis.
  • To explore how microvesicles contribute to autoimmune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies implicating microvesicles in autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of microvesicle composition and function in intercellular communication.

Main Results:

  • Abnormally persistent microvesicles, especially apoptotic ones, can accelerate autoimmune responses.
  • Microvesicles contribute to both local and systemic autoimmune reactions.

Conclusions:

  • Microvesicles play a significant role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
  • Further research into microvesicles is crucial for understanding and treating autoimmune disorders.