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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
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Phase-targeted X-ray diffraction.

G M Hansford1

  • 1University of Leicester, Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.

Journal of Applied Crystallography
|October 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) method enhances specific crystalline phase detection in mixtures. This technique uses coincidences between X-ray energies and crystal spacings for improved signal specificity and sensitivity.

Keywords:
energy-dispersive X-ray diffractionhandheld instrumentationin-line instrumentationphase specificityretained austenitetarget phases

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) is crucial for material analysis.
  • Identifying specific crystalline phases in complex mixtures can be challenging.
  • Existing XRD methods may lack specificity for targeted phase detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) method for enhancing the signal of a specific crystalline phase within a mixture.
  • To demonstrate the principle and experimental validation of this phase-targeted XRD technique.
  • To explore its potential for sensitive detection in various sample types.

Main Methods:

  • Exploiting coincidences between crystal d-spacings and elemental characteristic X-ray energies.
  • Utilizing an energy-resolving detector at specific scattering angles (2θ > 150°) for enhanced signal detection.
  • Employing attenuating foils to isolate coincidence signals from background noise.

Main Results:

  • Successfully enhanced the diffraction signal of quartz using Pd Lα1 and Pd Lβ1 emission lines.
  • Demonstrated sensitive detection of retained austenite in steel samples using In Lβ1 and Ti Kβ emission lines.
  • Showed tolerance to sample morphology and distance, enabling analysis of unprepared specimens.

Conclusions:

  • The developed phase-targeted XRD technique offers enhanced specificity and sensitivity for crystalline phase identification.
  • The method is robust, tolerant to sample variations, and adaptable for handheld or in-line instrumentation.
  • This approach holds promise for diverse applications in materials analysis and quality control.