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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision
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The Visual Function Questionnaire: Utility Index: Does It Measure Glaucoma-related Preference-based Status?

Rachel L Z Goh1, Eva Fenwick, Simon E Skalicky

  • 1*Centre for Eye Research Australia, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne‡University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic.§Discipline of Ophthalmology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia†Ophthalmology Department, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK.

Journal of Glaucoma
|October 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Visual Function Questionnaire-Utility Index (VFQ-UI) shows potential for measuring glaucoma patient utility, demonstrating good validity but limited precision. Further refinement may improve its ability to differentiate varying glaucoma severity.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Health Economics
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Evaluating glaucoma service cost-effectiveness is crucial due to global health budget constraints.
  • Validated instruments for measuring glaucoma-specific patient utility are lacking.
  • The Visual Function Questionnaire-Utility Index (VFQ-UI) was developed to assess vision-related function and preference-based status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the validity of the VFQ-UI in measuring vision-related function and preference-based status in glaucoma patients.
  • To assess the psychometric properties of the VFQ-UI using Rasch analysis.
  • To determine the criterion, convergent, and divergent validity of the VFQ-UI.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 141 glaucoma patients (moderate and severe) and 41 controls.
  • Data collection included sociodemographics, visual acuity, visual field parameters, VFQ-UI, and Glaucoma Activity Limitation-9.
  • Rasch analysis was employed to explore psychometric properties and assess validity.

Main Results:

  • The VFQ-UI demonstrated satisfactory overall fit to the Rasch model, with good criterion, convergent, and divergent validity.
  • VFQ-UI scores significantly correlated with glaucoma severity (P<0.001) and Glaucoma Activity Limitation-9 (r=0.764, P<0.001).
  • Suboptimal targeting and precision were noted (person separation index 1.72, reliability 0.75), with no significant correlation with age or sex.

Conclusions:

  • The VFQ-UI shows promise for measuring preference-based status and utility in glaucoma patients.
  • While exhibiting good validity, the VFQ-UI's precision is a limitation.
  • Incorporating items specific to glaucomatous visual dysfunction could enhance the VFQ-UI's ability to discriminate among patients with different glaucoma severities.