Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Analysis of Orbital Morphology Modification for Midface Correction Surgery

Area of Science:

• Craniofacial surgery
• Medical imaging analysis
• Orthodontics

Background:

• Accurate measurement of orbital morphology changes is crucial for assessing surgical outcomes.
• Existing cephalometric analyses may not be sufficiently time-efficient or precise for complex 3D orbital changes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop an evidence-based, three-dimensional (3D) cephalometric analysis for orbital morphology.
• To enable time-efficient measurements of postoperative changes in the orbit.

Main Methods:

• Utilized 23 anatomical landmarks to define 6 planes, 12 angular, and 16 linear measurements.
• Performed 3D analysis on pre- and post-operative CT scans of six patients undergoing midface advancement.
• Assessed inter- and intra-observer reliability using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and standard deviation (SD).

Main Results:

• Achieved excellent inter- and intra-examiner reliability for landmark selection (>0.9 ICC).
• Landmark selection agreement was high (<2.49 mm ± 2.05 mm SD).
• Observed discrepancies in linear (mean SD 3.04 mm) and angular (mean SD 8.2°) measurements.

Conclusions:

• The developed 3D cephalometric analysis demonstrates high reliability in landmark identification.
• Discrepancies in linear and angular measurements indicate areas for future methodological improvements.
• Further development is needed to enhance the precision of 3D orbital analysis for clinical application.