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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Functional Evaluation of Biological Neurotoxins in Networked Cultures of Stem Cell-derived Central Nervous System Neurons
Published on: February 5, 2015
Summary of the Update Session on Clinical Neurotoxicity Studies
Teeda Pinyavat1, David O Warner, Randall P Flick
1Departments of *Anesthesiology#Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NYDepartments of †Anesthesiology‡Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN§Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA∥Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX¶Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA.
Abstract:
During the Fifth Pediatric Anesthesia Neurodevelopmental Assessment Symposium, experts and stakeholders met to present and discuss recent advances made in the study of neurodevelopmental outcomes after exposure to anesthetic drugs in infants and children. This article summarizes the update of 5 ongoing clinical studies: General Anesthesia compared to Spinal Anesthesia, Toxicity of Remifentanil and Dexmedetomidine, Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids, the University of California San Francisco human cohort study, and Columbia University Medical Center Neonatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging study. The purpose of this summary is to discuss the contributions and limitations of these studies, how they fit into the published literature, and what questions remain to be answered.
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