Mechanism and Aquaculture Application of Teleost Enzymes Adapted at Low Temperature

Environment temperature highly influences the physiological condition of poikilothermic teleost. There are different physiological and biochemical responses between fish in different habitats. In order to take profit of fish adapted to different temperatures, some important enzymes have been isolated, assayed, and analyzed. Enzyme expression patterns and properties were evaluated in lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase studies. In this chapter, we try to identify the mechanisms of enzyme activity at low temperature by comparing different studies on enzyme kinetics and regulation. The protein-protein interaction between monomers, protein-solvent interaction, and protein substrate correlation are discussed. Studying fish enzymes could accumulate the understanding of marine organism's enzyme function during adaptation in different temperature zones. Based on these mechanisms, the application of cold-adapted enzymes in aquaculture system is illustrated. Furthermore, this information may create a possible explanation of fish physiological and biochemical evolution route and construct an appropriate strategy to overcome the climate change.