Fundus changes associated with Behçet's disease.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Rheumatology
• Immunology

Background:

• Behçet's disease is a multisystem inflammatory disorder.
• Ocular involvement is common and can lead to vision loss.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the role of ophthalmological examinations, particularly fluorescein angiography, in diagnosing and monitoring Behçet's disease.
• To characterize the spectrum of fundus changes in Behçet's disease.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of 300 Behçet's disease cases (1973-1987).
• Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations including Goldman lens, ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, and fluorescein angiography.
• Laboratory tests and long-term follow-up (3-120 months).

Main Results:

• Ophthalmological findings led to diagnosis in 85% of cases.
• Fluorescein angiography detected incipient changes in asymptomatic patients.
• Common findings included optic disc hyperemia, macular edema, retinal edema, vascular sheathing, exudates, and hemorrhage.
• 86% of cases showed bilateral fundus changes.
• 184/403 followed eyes had new posterior segment insults; 40 became blind.

Conclusions:

• Ophthalmological assessment is crucial for Behçet's disease diagnosis.
• Fluorescein angiography is essential for early detection and monitoring of posterior segment involvement.
• Timely diagnosis and management are vital to prevent vision loss in Behçet's disease.