Univariate analytical calibration methods and procedures. A review.

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Quantitative Analysis

Background:

• Current nomenclature for calibration methods lacks a unified system.
• Existing univariate calibration methods have limitations in addressing complex analytical challenges.

Approach:

• A novel classification system for univariate calibration methods is proposed.
• Four established methods (conventional, internal standard, indirect, dilution) are categorized into interpolative and extrapolative modes.
• Modifications using techniques like matrix-matched calibration and sample spiking are explored.

Key Points:

• Methods can be mixed and integrated to create advanced calibration strategies.
• New combinations of calibration methods, not previously documented, are predicted.
• Enhanced resistance to interference and non-linear effects is achieved through integrated approaches.

Conclusions:

• The proposed classification and integration strategies offer extended capabilities for quantitative analysis.
• General rules for calibration are formulated.
• Key challenges in univariate calibration requiring further research are identified.