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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
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Unilateral olfactory sensitivity in multiple sclerosis.

Kimberley P Good1, Isabelle A Tourbier2, Paul Moberg3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Physiology & Behavior
|November 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) does not cause lateralized olfactory deficits. Both sides of the nose show similar odor detection and identification impairments in MS patients, linked to brain lesions.

Keywords:
Brain lateralityMagnetic resonance imagingMultiple sclerosisOlfactionSex differencesThresholdUPSIT

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory Research
  • Multiple Sclerosis Studies

Background:

  • The lateralization of olfactory sensitivity in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is not well understood.
  • Olfactory bulb projections are primarily ipsilateral, and some research suggests right-brain dominance in olfactory processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether MS causes lateralized deficits in olfactory sensitivity and identification.
  • To explore correlations between olfactory test performance and brain lesions in MS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Administered odor detection and identification tests to each nostril of 73 MS patients and 73 controls.
  • Correlated olfactory test scores with MRI-determined brain lesions in 63 MS patients.

Main Results:

  • No significant left-right differences in olfactory sensitivity or identification were found in MS patients.
  • MS patients showed lower overall performance in both olfactory tasks compared to controls (p<0.0001).
  • Olfactory scores were weakly correlated with lesion volumes in frontal and temporal brain regions.

Conclusions:

  • MS does not differentially affect odor perception between the left and right sides of the nose.
  • Both odor identification and detection are similarly impacted by MS, associated with central brain lesions.