Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structure of Cardiac Muscles01:13

Structure of Cardiac Muscles

18.5K
Cardiac muscle, or myocardium, is a specialized type of muscle found exclusively in the heart. Its unique structural and functional characteristics enable the heart to perform its vital role of pumping blood throughout the body continuously and rhythmically. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, possess an endomysium and perimysium but do not have an epimysium.
Compared to skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle cells are small and mostly have a single nucleus. Additionally, they are usually...
18.5K
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

744
Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
744
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

2.5K
Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
2.5K
Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

1.8K
Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
1.8K
Functional Divisions of the Nervous System01:23

Functional Divisions of the Nervous System

11.2K
The nervous system, responsible for sensing, integrating, and responding to various stimuli, is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS has two functional divisions: the sensory or afferent division and the motor or efferent division.
The sensory division transmits information from sensory receptors in the body to the CNS. It provides the CNS with knowledge about somatic senses (such as tactile, thermal, pain, and proprioceptive sensations)...
11.2K
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

10.0K
The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
10.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Right stellate ganglion stimulation modulates arrhythmogenesis in acute left lateral ventricular ischaemia.

Cardiovascular research·2025
Same author

Noradrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the normal human heart and changes associated with cardiomyopathy.

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)·2025
Same author

Bioelectronic block of stellate ganglia mitigates pacing-induced heterogeneous release of catecholamine and neuropeptide Y in the infarcted pig heart.

The Journal of physiology·2024
Same author

Comparative specialization of intrinsic cardiac neurons in humans, mice and pigs.

The Journal of physiology·2024
Same author

Towards spatially selective efferent neuromodulation: anatomical and functional organization of cardiac fibres in the porcine cervical vagus nerve.

The Journal of physiology·2024
Same author

Cardiac Neuroanatomy and Fundamentals of Neurocardiology.

Cardiac electrophysiology clinics·2024
Same journal

SLIT-ROBO Signaling in Diabetes: A Dual Regulator of Angiogenesis and Vascular Dysfunction.

Comprehensive Physiology·2026
Same journal

Heart-Specific Spinal and Vagal Afferents: Transcriptomic Signatures and Optogenetically Modulated Functional Coupling With Cardiomyocytes.

Comprehensive Physiology·2026
Same journal

The Adipose-Organ Communication Network in Clinical Obesity: From Adiposopathy to Systemic Metabolic Failure.

Comprehensive Physiology·2026
Same journal

Insight Into the Biological Link Between Novel Adiposity Indices and Incident Heart Failure.

Comprehensive Physiology·2026
Same journal

Domino Effect of the Kynurenine Pathway: Systemic Homeostasis, Metabolic Crosstalk, and Therapeutic Potential.

Comprehensive Physiology·2026
Same journal

Lung Pericytes: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Roles in Pulmonary Diseases.

Comprehensive Physiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Creating a Structurally Realistic Finite Element Geometric Model of a Cardiomyocyte to Study the Role of Cellular Architecture in Cardiomyocyte Systems Biology
08:54

Creating a Structurally Realistic Finite Element Geometric Model of a Cardiomyocyte to Study the Role of Cellular Architecture in Cardiomyocyte Systems Biology

Published on: April 18, 2018

10.2K

Neurocardiology: Structure-Based Function.

Jeffrey L Ardell1,2, John Andrew Armour1,2

  • 1Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Comprehensive Physiology
|October 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The autonomic nervous system regulates heart function through a complex network. Understanding this cardiac control is key for developing new therapies for heart failure and arrhythmias.

More Related Videos

Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions
08:06

Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions

Published on: February 15, 2021

57.5K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Human Cardiac Anatomy Through Multi-Scale Analysis of Hearts
04:22

Author Spotlight: Advancing Human Cardiac Anatomy Through Multi-Scale Analysis of Hearts

Published on: June 28, 2024

1.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Creating a Structurally Realistic Finite Element Geometric Model of a Cardiomyocyte to Study the Role of Cellular Architecture in Cardiomyocyte Systems Biology
08:54

Creating a Structurally Realistic Finite Element Geometric Model of a Cardiomyocyte to Study the Role of Cellular Architecture in Cardiomyocyte Systems Biology

Published on: April 18, 2018

10.2K
Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions
08:06

Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions

Published on: February 15, 2021

57.5K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Human Cardiac Anatomy Through Multi-Scale Analysis of Hearts
04:22

Author Spotlight: Advancing Human Cardiac Anatomy Through Multi-Scale Analysis of Hearts

Published on: June 28, 2024

1.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Regulation
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cardiac control involves a hierarchical network of neural processing centers, from the heart's intrinsic ganglia to higher brain centers.
  • This autonomic nervous system network coordinates cardiac electrical and mechanical functions, responding to physiological stressors.
  • Pathological events like myocardial ischemia can disrupt this control, leading to autonomic dysregulation central to heart failure and arrhythmias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the anatomical and physiological underpinnings of cardiac autonomic control.
  • To highlight the role of autonomic dysregulation in cardiac pathologies.
  • To underscore the potential of neuromodulation therapies targeting specific neural control points.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cardiac neural control networks.
  • Analysis of the interaction between different levels of the cardiac control hierarchy.
  • Examination of the impact of physiological and pathological conditions on cardiac autonomic regulation.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac control is a multi-level reflex network involving intrinsic cardiac, extracardiac, spinal, brainstem, and higher centers.
  • Neural interactions within this hierarchy coordinate cardiac function on a beat-to-beat basis.
  • Autonomic dysregulation is a critical factor in the development of heart failure and arrhythmias.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the neural basis of cardiac control is essential for developing effective autonomic regulation therapies.
  • Neuromodulation strategies targeting key neural nexus points offer promising therapeutic avenues for cardiac conditions.
  • Targeting the autonomic nervous system's role in cardiac control can improve cardiovascular reflex efficacy and patient outcomes.