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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice
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Infectious Colitis Associated With Ipilimumab Therapy.

Jessica L McCutcheon1, Colt M McClain2, Igor Puzanov3

  • 1Vanderbilt University Hospital, Department of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave South, D3100 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.

Gastroenterology Research
|February 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Ipilimumab (monoclonal antibody) can cause colitis in melanoma patients. This case highlights a patient with ipilimumab-induced colitis who also had a Salmonella infection, suggesting a potential link.

Keywords:
ColitisInfectious diarrheaIpilimumab

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CTLA-4, enhances cell-mediated immunity and improves survival in metastatic melanoma.
  • Immune-related adverse events, particularly gastrointestinal complications, are common with ipilimumab therapy.

Observation:

  • A 22-year-old female with stage IVA melanoma on ipilimumab presented with fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
  • The patient had attended a wedding where other guests also reported diarrheal illnesses.
  • Colonoscopy and pathology confirmed ipilimumab-induced colitis.

Findings:

  • Stool culture identified *Salmonella enteritidis*, an infectious pathogen.
  • The patient's symptoms resolved with prednisone and ciprofloxacin treatment.
  • This case suggests a potential causal relationship between ipilimumab-induced colitis and concurrent *Salmonella enteritidis* infection.

Implications:

  • Concurrent infections may exacerbate or mimic immune-related adverse events like ipilimumab-induced colitis.
  • Careful diagnostic evaluation is crucial to differentiate infectious colitis from immune-mediated colitis in patients receiving ipilimumab.
  • Identifying infectious agents in patients with ipilimumab-induced colitis may guide appropriate treatment strategies.