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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.6K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.6K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.9K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.9K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.6K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.6K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.6K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.6K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.5K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
11.5K

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Experimental Procedure for Warm Spinning of Cast Aluminum Components
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Experimental Procedure for Warm Spinning of Cast Aluminum Components

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Tuning Spin Hall Angles by Alloying.

M Obstbaum1, M Decker1, A K Greitner1

  • 1Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|October 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alloy composition tunes the spin Hall angle in Au_{x}Pt_{1-x} systems, significantly boosting spin Hall conductivity beyond pure elements. Temperature affects conductivity, with intrinsic contributions dominating at higher temperatures.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • The spin Hall effect (SHE) is crucial for spintronic devices.
  • Tuning SHE properties in alloy systems is key for device optimization.
  • Understanding composition-dependent SHE is an active research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the continuous tunability of the spin Hall angle (SHA) in substitutional alloy systems.
  • To explore the Au_{x}Pt_{1-x} alloy system for enhanced spin Hall conductivity (SHC).
  • To theoretically confirm experimental findings using linear response theory.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurements of longitudinal charge conductivity (σ), transverse spin Hall conductivity (σSH), and spin Hall angle (αSH).
  • Theoretical calculations based on Kubo's linear response formalism.
  • Compositional variation within the Au_{x}Pt_{1-x} alloy system.

Main Results:

  • Continuous tuning of the spin Hall angle (SHA) achieved by varying alloy composition.
  • Substantial increase in maximum SHA for Au_{x}Pt_{1-x} compared to pure Au and Pt.
  • Experimental results for σ, σSH, and αSH validated by theoretical calculations.
  • Divergent behavior of σ and σSH suppressed with increasing temperature.
  • Intrinsic contribution to σSH found to dominate at higher temperatures with weak temperature dependence.

Conclusions:

  • Alloy composition offers a powerful method for tuning the spin Hall effect.
  • The Au_{x}Pt_{1-x} system demonstrates significant potential for enhanced spintronic applications.
  • Temperature dependence of conductivity is crucial for understanding SHE behavior in alloys.