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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Compensatory Limb Use and Behavioral Assessment of Motor Skill Learning Following Sensorimotor Cortex Injury in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke

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Published on: July 10, 2014

Localization of Impaired Kinesthetic Processing Post-stroke.

Jeffrey M Kenzie¹, Jennifer A Semrau¹, Sonja E Findlater¹

¹Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

|November 2, 2016

Summary

Stroke survivors often experience kinesthetic impairments affecting limb motion sense. This study reveals that brain damage beyond primary somatosensory areas contributes to these deficits, impacting speed, direction, and amplitude perception.

Keywords:

kinesthesia proprioception robotics sensory impairment stroke voxel lesion symptom mapping (VLSM)

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The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors

Published on: May 2, 2021

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Rehabilitation Medicine
Stroke Research

Background:

Kinesthesia, the sense of limb motion, is crucial for daily activities.
Over 50% of stroke survivors exhibit significant kinesthetic impairments.
The precise brain regions affected by stroke that cause kinesthetic deficits are not fully understood, especially beyond primary somatosensory cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between stroke lesion location and kinesthetic processing deficits.
To identify specific brain structures associated with impairments in different components of kinesthesia (speed, direction, amplitude).

Main Methods:

Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping and region of interest analyses were performed on 142 sub-acute stroke patients.
A robotic exoskeleton assessed kinesthetic sense using a mirror-matching task of upper limb movements.
Neuroimaging data (MRI) and behavioral assessments were collected approximately 9 days post-stroke.

Main Results:

Lesions in both primary somatosensory cortex and other brain areas were linked to kinesthetic impairments.
Specific kinesthetic sub-components showed distinct lesion associations: speed perception (right post-central, supramarginal gyri), amplitude perception (right pre-central gyrus, anterior insula, superior temporal gyrus), and direction perception (bilateral post-central, supramarginal gyri, right superior temporal gyrus, parietal operculum).
The right supramarginal gyrus was consistently associated with all measured kinesthetic impairments.

Conclusions:

Kinesthetic information processing involves a distributed network extending beyond traditional sensorimotor areas.
Dissociations in kinesthetic sub-component impairments suggest specialized processing within different brain regions.
Understanding these structure-function relationships can inform rehabilitation strategies for stroke survivors with kinesthetic deficits.