Vision Testing in the Evaluation of Concussion.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Ophthalmology
• Sports Medicine

Background:

• Traumatic brain injury (TBI) encompasses concussions, a mild form of TBI, with potential short- and long-term effects.
• Visual system dysfunctions are frequently observed post-concussion and can aid in diagnosis.
• Current diagnostic methods for concussion are limited, especially outside clinical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the prevalence and significance of neuro-ophthalmic findings in concussion.
• To emphasize the need for practical, reliable diagnostic tools for concussion.
• To explore the role of technology in concussion assessment.

Main Methods:

• Review of common neuro-ophthalmic signs associated with concussion, including pupillary light reflex, accommodation, convergence, extraocular motility, stereoaquity, pursuit, and saccades.
• Discussion of the challenges in diagnosing concussion outside of medical facilities.
• Exploration of technology-driven approaches for concussion testing.

Main Results:

• Neuro-ophthalmic abnormalities are common indicators following concussion.
• Limited access to trained professionals and equipment hinders timely concussion diagnosis.
• Technology offers potential for developing accessible and reliable concussion assessment tools.

Conclusions:

• Visual system assessment is a valuable component of concussion evaluation.
• Developing practical, technology-based concussion tests is a critical research area.
• Multifaceted testing and clinical judgment remain essential for concussion management.