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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice

Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice

Published on: July 11, 2025

Meconium exposure and autism risk.

K M Miller¹, G Xing², C K Walker^3,4

¹School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association

|November 4, 2016

Summary

Fetal exposure to meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) showed a slight increase in autism risk. Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) had a marginal association with autism. Neonatal resuscitation may prevent neurodevelopmental issues.

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Published on: March 25, 2016

Area of Science:

Perinatal and developmental neuroscience
Autism Spectrum Disorder research
Public health epidemiology

Background:

Fetal exposure to meconium, indicated by meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) or meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), is a recognized perinatal complication.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with multifactorial etiology.
Understanding prenatal risk factors for ASD is crucial for early identification and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between fetal meconium exposure and the subsequent diagnosis of autism in children.
To quantify the relative risk of autism associated with MSAF and MAS.

Main Methods:

Retrospective birth cohort analysis of nearly 10 million California births (1991-2008).
Linked maternal and infant discharge data with autism diagnoses up to 2012.
Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk of autism by meconium exposure status, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

Children exposed to MSAF or MAS had a higher prevalence of autism diagnoses compared to unexposed children (0.60% and 0.52% vs. 0.47%).
MSAF exposure was associated with a statistically significant small increase in autism risk (aRR 1.18, 95% CI 1.12-1.25).
MAS exposure showed a marginal, non-significant association with autism risk (aRR 1.08, 95% CI 0.98-1.20).

Conclusions:

Prenatal exposure to MSAF may be a risk factor for developing autism.
Prompt resuscitation of neonates with respiratory compromise due to in utero meconium exposure might reduce the risk of long-term neurodevelopmental impairments.
Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the MSAF-autism association.