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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
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Prediabetes: A Worldwide Epidemic.

Catherine M Edwards1, Kenneth Cusi2

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 Southwest Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|November 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Prediabetes, a condition of elevated blood glucose, is rising globally due to lifestyle changes. Early detection and intervention are crucial for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications.

Keywords:
Impaired fasting glucoseImpaired glucose toleranceInsulin resistanceMetabolic syndromePrediabetesType 2 diabetesβ-Cell

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Prediabetes is characterized by blood glucose levels intermediate between normal and diabetic ranges.
  • Global increases in prediabetes are linked to changing dietary patterns and reduced physical activity, leading to obesity.
  • Developing nations are disproportionately affected by the rising prevalence of prediabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathophysiology of prediabetes.
  • To establish strategies for treating prediabetes.
  • To explore methods for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on prediabetes.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on prediabetes prevalence.
  • Examination of studies on the metabolic consequences of prediabetes.

Main Results:

  • Prediabetes significantly increases the risk of progressing to T2DM.
  • The prediabetes state itself is associated with microvascular and macrovascular disease risks.
  • Understanding pathophysiology aids in developing effective interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Prediabetes represents a critical window for intervention.
  • Lifestyle modifications and medical treatments can manage prediabetes.
  • Preventing T2DM progression is achievable through targeted strategies.