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Efficient organic dyes based on perpendicular 6,12-diphenyl substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazole donor
Zhanhai Xiao1, Yi Di2, Zhifang Tan2
1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China and State key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China. chenbing@wipm.ac.cn.
Abstract:
Three novel indolo[3,2-b]carbazole-based dyes have been designed and synthesized using a 6,12-diphenyl substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazole core as a π-conjugated donor, a thiophene cyanoacrylic acid moiety as electron acceptor and anchoring group, together with triphenylamine, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzene and bromine as a second donor group. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the dyes have been investigated by UV spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Our study indicates that the second donor plays the important role of improving dye aggregation as well as tuning the photoelectronic properties. These indolo[3,2-b]carbazole based dyes show good performances with high Voc of 0.75 V, FF of 0.72, and a moderate PCE of 3.11% under AM 1.5 irradiation.
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Structure of Conjugated Dienes
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...