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Related Experiment Video

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A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
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Surgical necrotizing enterocolitis.

Jamie R Robinson1, Eric J Rellinger2, L Dupree Hatch3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.

Seminars in Perinatology
|November 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) incidence remains high, with surgery indicated for pneumoperitoneum or clinical decline. Research is ongoing to improve diagnosis and understand long-term outcomes for infants with NEC.

Keywords:
Surgical NECSurgical necrotizing enterocolitis

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal surgery
  • Pediatric gastroenterology
  • Infant critical care

Background:

  • Surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) incidence has remained stable over the last decade.
  • Key indications for surgical intervention include pneumoperitoneum and clinical deterioration despite maximal medical management.
  • Current literature lacks robust data correlating specific surgical indications with patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding and identify areas for advancement in the diagnosis and management of surgical NEC.
  • To highlight emerging diagnostic biomarkers and imaging techniques for severe NEC.
  • To discuss the impact of care regionalization and the neurodevelopmental outcomes following surgical NEC treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on surgical necrotizing enterocolitis.
  • Identification of promising biomarkers (fecal calprotectin, S100A12, serum fatty acid-binding protein, urine biomarkers).
  • Evaluation of advancements in diagnostic imaging (ultrasonography, near-infrared spectroscopy - NIRS).

Main Results:

  • Fecal calprotectin, S100A12, serum fatty acid-binding protein, and urine biomarkers show promise for diagnosing severe NEC.
  • Ultrasonography is increasingly useful for identifying surgical NEC, and NIRS is under active investigation.
  • Regionalization of care for infants with NEC appears to improve outcomes.
  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes following surgical NEC treatment are generally poor.

Conclusions:

  • Despite advances, surgical NEC remains a significant challenge with stable incidence.
  • New biomarkers and imaging technologies offer potential for earlier and more accurate diagnosis.
  • Optimizing care through regionalization and further research into surgical techniques and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes are crucial.