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Position-effect Variegation

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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.

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Dissecting Gene Expression Changes Accompanying a Ploidy-Based Phenotypic Switch.

Gareth A Cromie¹, Zhihao Tan^1,2, Michelle Hays³

¹Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98122.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)

|November 13, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Aneuploidy, altered chromosome numbers, affects health via gene expression changes. This study in yeast reveals complex interactions between gene copy number and expression, impacting cellular responses.

Keywords:

RNA-seq aneuploidy colony morphology gene expression

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Laser Microdissection Applied to Gene Expression Profiling of Subset of Cells from the Drosophila Wing Disc

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Published on: April 30, 2010

Area of Science:

Genetics
Molecular Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

Aneuploidy, deviations from the normal chromosome number, significantly impacts human health.
Phenotypic consequences of aneuploidy are linked to altered gene expression due to changes in gene copy number.
Understanding these gene expression mechanisms in aneuploids is crucial for deciphering their health impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanisms of altered gene expression in aneuploid organisms.
To analyze transcript abundance in haploid and aneuploid yeast strains using RNA-sequencing.
To identify how specific chromosomal changes and gene copy numbers influence gene expression and cellular responses.

Main Methods:

Utilized RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to quantify transcript abundance.
Compared gene expression profiles of a haploid yeast strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae F45) with two aneuploid derivatives (disomies of chromosomes XV and XVI).
Analyzed transcriptional profiles, colony morphology, and gene copy number interactions.

Main Results:

Aneuploid yeast colonies exhibited smooth morphology, contrasting with the fluffy morphology of the haploid strain.
Transcriptional profiles of the two disomic strains were similar, not solely explained by morphology or karyotype.
The haploid strain showed an induced environmental stress response (ESR) compared to the disomic strains.
Identified nonlinear interactions between the copy number of the regulatory gene DIG1 on chromosome XVI and other chromosome XVI genes, affecting ESR gene expression.

Conclusions:

Aneuploid expression changes result from a combination of shared effects across different aneuploidies and unique effects of specific chromosomal perturbations.
Nonlinear copy number interactions between genes play a significant role in the phenotypic outcomes of aneuploidy.
The balance of these effects is specific to genotype and environment, highlighting the complexity of aneuploidy's impact.