Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

26.6K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
26.6K
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

32
In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
32
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

5.1K
X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
5.1K
Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

3.2K
Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
3.2K
The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

The de Broglie Wavelength

34.2K
In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
34.2K
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

10.9K
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
10.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decarboxylation via a Higher Electronic Excited State Drives LSSmOrange Photoconversion.

ACS physical chemistry Au·2026
Same author

Background-Free Intensity Autocorrelation for Femtosecond X-Ray Pulses.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Conformationally Defined Alkaloidal Building Units for the Controlled Formation of Nanoscale Supramolecular Morphologies.

Chemistry, an Asian journal·2026
Same author

Compact tape-driven sample delivery system for serial femtosecond crystallography.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026
Same author

Data driven drift correction for complex optical systems.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2026
Same author

Stabilizing Structural Transitional States between 1- and 2-Dimensional Topologies via Hydrogen Bond-Mediated Crystal Engineering.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
08:44

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

Published on: August 22, 2017

8.1K

Angular correlations of photons from solution diffraction at a free-electron laser encode molecular structure.

Derek Mendez1, Herschel Watkins1, Shenglan Qiao2

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Iucrj
|November 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Correlated X-ray scattering (CXS) reveals hidden molecular structure by analyzing photon correlations, overcoming limitations of conventional methods. This technique successfully distinguished nanoparticle populations in solution using X-ray free electron laser data.

Keywords:
XFELsangular photon correlationscorrelated X-ray scatteringgold nanoparticlessolution diffraction

More Related Videos

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

10.3K
Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source
10:32

Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source

Published on: April 23, 2021

3.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
08:44

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

Published on: August 22, 2017

8.1K
Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

10.3K
Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source
10:32

Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source

Published on: April 23, 2021

3.3K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomolecular Analysis

Background:

  • Conventional X-ray scattering methods ignore photon correlations, limiting structural detail recovery from molecular solutions.
  • Molecular structure analysis in solution is challenging due to disorder and motion.
  • Photon momentum transfer differences correlate with molecular structure when motion is minimal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present advances in correlated X-ray scattering (CXS) for enhanced biomolecular structural analysis.
  • To demonstrate the utility of CXS for recovering hidden structural details from molecules in solution.
  • To analyze a correlated X-ray scattering data set from gold nanoparticle solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized correlated X-ray scattering (CXS) by analyzing angular intensity correlations of scattered photons.
  • Employed X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) for intense, rapid pulses suitable for CXS experiments.
  • Analyzed a dataset of 500,000 X-ray exposures of gold nanoparticle solutions.

Main Results:

  • Distinguished two populations of nanoparticle domains: small twinned and large non-twinned.
  • Demonstrated that twinning information in solution measurements is accessible only through intensity correlations.
  • Successfully recovered atomic-level structural information from a disordered solution of gold nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

  • Correlated X-ray scattering (CXS) is a powerful technique for uncovering structural details in molecular solutions.
  • CXS, particularly with XFELs, provides atomic-level insights not attainable with conventional scattering methods.
  • The study highlights the importance of photon correlations for understanding molecular structure in disordered systems.