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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

851
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
851
Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:30

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
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Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

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The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
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Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
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The Danish Anaesthesia Database.

Kristian Antonsen1, Charlotte Vallentin Rosenstock2, Lars Hyldborg Lundstrøm2

  • 1Board of Directors, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark.

Clinical Epidemiology
|November 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Danish Anaesthesia Database (DAD) collects nationwide anesthesia data for quality improvement and research. It covers most Danish patients, enhancing anesthetic process monitoring and patient care.

Keywords:
anesthesiacomplicationepidemiologyquality indicatorsregistriesregistry-based research

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
  • Health Informatics
  • Clinical Quality Improvement

Background:

  • The Danish Anaesthesia Database (DAD) was established in 2004 to centralize anesthesia data nationwide.
  • It operates under the Danish Clinical Registries (RKKP) framework, aiming for comprehensive data collection.
  • The database supports quality assurance, development, and research initiatives in anesthesiology.

Approach:

  • DAD collects data from all public and private anesthesia providers across Denmark.
  • It registers patients undergoing general, regional, or sedation anesthesia, retrieving data from various clinical settings.
  • Data completeness is increasing, with approximately 70% national coverage recorded in 2014.

Key Points:

  • The database aggregates records to monitor 13 quality indicators and 11 complications.
  • Variables include patient demographics, lifestyle factors, comorbidity, and anesthesia-specific details (type, duration, safety).
  • Data extraction facilitates departmental monitoring and benchmarking through annual DAD reports.

Conclusions:

  • DAD successfully covers the majority of anesthesia patients in Denmark.
  • The database is increasingly utilized for both clinical quality improvement and research purposes.
  • It provides a robust platform for advancing anesthetic care through data-driven insights.