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Related Concept Videos

Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which...
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Phylogeny01:23

Phylogeny

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Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
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Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline
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Synteny Explorer: An Interactive Visualization Application for Teaching Genome Evolution.

Chris Bryan, Gregory Guterman, Kwan-Liu Ma

    IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
    |November 16, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Synteny Explorer is a new interactive tool that helps college students visualize genome evolution in mammals. This karyogram-based application makes learning about synteny blocks more engaging and user-friendly for undergraduate education.

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    Area of Science:

    • Genomics
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Bioinformatics
    • Science Education

    Background:

    • Advances in biological research necessitate innovative tools for disseminating findings and enhancing educational engagement.
    • Understanding genome evolution is crucial for comprehending species' relationships and biological diversity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce Synteny Explorer, an interactive visualization application for undergraduate students to explore mammalian genome evolution.
    • To evaluate the usability and educational effectiveness of a novel karyogram-based visualization approach for synteny blocks.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed Synteny Explorer, an interactive application visualizing synteny blocks using a karyogram-based approach.
    • Conducted user studies to assess design choices (color, animation) and overall system usability.
    • Compared the karyogram-based visualization with traditional genome mapping representations in an educational setting.

    Main Results:

    • Participants found the interactive, karyogram-based visualizations significantly easier to use and more likable than existing representations.
    • User studies validated the appeal and engagement potential of the karyogram-based approach for genome evolution education.
    • Biology and genomics faculty recognized Synteny Explorer's suitability for classroom integration.

    Conclusions:

    • Synteny Explorer offers an effective and engaging platform for teaching undergraduate students about genome evolution.
    • The karyogram-based visualization approach enhances user experience and learning in comparative genomics.
    • This tool addresses the need for active research dissemination and improved science education in biology.