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Pairwise Growth Competition Assay for Determining the Replication Fitness of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses

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New initiatives to develop self-testing for HIV.

T Charles Witzel¹, Alison J Rodger

¹aSigma Research, Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine bResearch Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

|November 17, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

HIV self-testing (HIVST) is acceptable and can increase HIV diagnosis rates, especially in at-risk groups. However, concerns persist regarding test sensitivity and linkage to care for confirmatory testing.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Infectious Diseases
Diagnostic Technologies

Background:

HIV self-testing (HIVST) is an emerging approach to increase HIV diagnosis.
Understanding its outcomes and challenges is crucial for effective implementation.
Key populations and diverse settings are increasingly adopting HIVST.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the latest literature on outcomes and issues related to HIV self-testing (HIVST).
To synthesize current evidence on the acceptability, efficacy, and challenges of HIVST.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent studies on HIV self-testing.
Analysis of data on user acceptability, diagnostic efficacy, and potential harms.
Evaluation of evidence regarding linkage to care and cost-effectiveness.

Main Results:

HIVST is acceptable across various populations and contexts when user preferences are considered.
Ongoing studies are evaluating HIVST's efficacy in increasing diagnosis and reducing transmission intervals, particularly in high-incidence groups.
Concerns include the reliability and sensitivity of current HIVST kits compared to clinical tests, especially in early infection, and limited evidence on linkage to care and cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions:

HIVST is a promising innovation for increasing HIV testing and diagnosis rates, particularly among at-risk populations.
Addressing concerns about test sensitivity and ensuring effective linkage to care for confirmatory testing are critical next steps.
Further research is needed to fully understand the cost-effectiveness and long-term impact of HIVST programs.