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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Crystallinity as a tunable switch of poly(L-lactide) shape memory effects.

Michał Sobota1, Sebastian Jurczyk2, Michał Kwiecień1

  • 1Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|November 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study explores controlling the shape memory effect (SME) in bioresorbable poly(L-lactide) through material processing. Tailoring crystallinity allows for controlled shape recovery stress and degree, crucial for medical implants.

Keywords:
Biodegradable polymersPoly(L-lactide)PolyesterSmart polymers

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Engineering

Background:

  • Shape memory effect (SME) materials are vital in medicine, particularly bioresorbable polyesters.
  • Vascular stents utilizing SME in bioresorbable polyesters were first reported in 2000.
  • Limited research exists on controlling SME through material processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the control of shape memory (SM) in bioresorbable semicrystalline poly(L-lactide) (PLLA).
  • Explore the influence of material processing, specifically orientation and crystallinity, on SME.
  • Determine the potential for tailoring SME for specific medical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Examined the effect of material orientation on PLLA's shape memory properties.
  • Investigated varying degrees of crystallinity achieved during processing.
  • Analyzed stress and shape recovery during permanent shape recovery.

Main Results:

  • Material orientation significantly impacts SME even at low deformations in processed PLLA.
  • Different processing-induced crystallinities allow for tailored SME.
  • Controlled shape recovery stress up to 10MPa was achieved with specific annealing (60 min at 115°C) and low deformation (8%).
  • The degree of shape recovery was also controllable.
  • Identified challenges related to slow crystallization rates and potential negative SME changes during storage.

Conclusions:

  • Processing parameters, particularly those influencing crystallinity and orientation, offer a viable method to control the shape memory effect in PLLA.
  • This control is essential for developing advanced bioresorbable medical devices.
  • Further research is needed to address crystallization kinetics and long-term stability of SME.