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Related Concept Videos

Work Done During Volume Change01:17

Work Done During Volume Change

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In mechanics, work is done on an object when the force acting on it displaces the object. In thermodynamics, work done on a system can be estimated when the system's volume changes during any thermodynamic process.
Consider a gas confined to a cylinder fitted with a movable piston at one end. If the gas expands from volume V1 to volume V2, it exerts a force on the piston, such that the piston moves by a distance dr.
The work done by the gas on the piston can be expressed as
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Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change

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Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
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Pressure and Volume in an Adiabatic Process01:27

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Free expansion of a gas is an adiabatic process. However, there are few differences between free expansion and adiabatic expansion. During free expansion, no work is done, and there is no change in internal energy. But, for an adiabatic expansion, work is done, and there is a change in internal energy. During an adiabatic process, the relation between the pressure and volume is obtained from the condition for the adiabatic process, that is,
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Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Volume (Pressure)02:32

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For gas-phase equilibria, changes in the concentrations of reactants and products can occur with altered volume and pressure. The partial pressure, P, of an ideal gas is proportional to its molar concentration, M.
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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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Transformation01:26

Transformation

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Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
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Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography-Guided Valve Sizing for Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement
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Progressive Direct Volume-to-Volume Transformation.

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    This study introduces a new method for transforming 3D volumes without user input or shape restrictions. The technique offers fast, accurate volume morphing and efficient temporal data selection for various applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computer Graphics
    • Scientific Visualization
    • Data Analysis

    Background:

    • Conventional volume morphing and warping methods often require user guidance, intermediate representations, or impose shape restrictions.
    • Existing optimal solutions for volumetric transformations have high computational complexity, limiting their use with high-resolution data.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel technique for generating transformations between arbitrary volumes.
    • To provide expressive distances and smooth interpolates without user intervention or shape constraints.
    • To enable efficient processing of high-resolution volumetric data and temporal sequences.

    Main Methods:

    • A novel technique operating directly on volumetric data representations.
    • A progressive refinement approach designed for parallel execution to approximate optimal transformations.
    • A new streaming selection method for temporal data with user-specified error bounds.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed technique generates transformations between arbitrary volumes, offering expressive distances and smooth interpolates.
    • The progressive refinement method delivers approximate results that iteratively improve toward the optimum, suitable for high-resolution data.
    • The temporal data selection approach allows reconstruction of full sequences within error bounds.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel technique offers a powerful, user-independent method for volumetric transformations and temporal data analysis.
    • The parallelizable progressive refinement approach addresses the computational challenges of high-resolution volumetric data.
    • Demonstrated utility across diverse applications, outperforming alternative methods.