[Cutaneous side effects of targeted cancer drugs]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Dermatology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Cancer therapeutics have advanced with targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
• These novel drugs, while effective, can cause significant adverse reactions, particularly cutaneous toxicities.
• Skin toxicities impact patient quality of life and may necessitate treatment modification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the spectrum of cutaneous adverse reactions associated with new cancer drug classes.
• To provide management and prevention strategies for these drug-induced skin toxicities.
• To guide oncologists and dermatologists in managing dermatologic side effects of cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of cutaneous adverse events linked to specific cancer drug classes.
• Analysis of mechanisms underlying drug-induced dermatologic toxicities.
• Synthesis of current recommendations for prevention and management.

Main Results:

• Detailed descriptions of skin toxicities from epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFR-I), multikinase inhibitors (MKI), BRAF inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD1, anti-CTLA4).
• Identification of common and severe cutaneous reactions.
• Emphasis on the need for multidisciplinary management involving dermatologists.

Conclusions:

• Cutaneous toxicities are common and impactful side effects of modern cancer therapies.
• Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial for patient quality of life and treatment adherence.
• This review offers a practical guide for managing these adverse events.