Modular delivery of CpG-incorporated lipid-DNA nanoparticles for spleen DC activation

We introduce a versatile carrier system for in vitro and in vivo immune stimulation based on soft matter DNA nanoparticles (NPs). The incorporation of lipid-modified nucleotides into DNA strands enables the formation of micelles of uniform size. In a single self-assembly step, the micelles can be equipped with immune adjuvant (CpG) motifs and fluorescent probes. The immunological effects of CpG confined at the NP surface were studied in a comprehensive manner in animal experiments. Dose-dependent activation of spleen dendritic cells (DCs) by CpG-conjugated NP was observed, which was accompanied by the pronounced up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecule and cytokine production.