Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

3.2K
Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
3.2K
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

2.9K
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
2.9K
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

2.2K
The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
2.2K
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

12.2K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
12.2K
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

6.5K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
6.5K
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

5.2K
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
5.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Apraxia of lid opening in multiple sclerosis.

Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie·2022
Same author

Sphenoid Sinusitis-Associated Optic Neuropathy: A Forgotten Disease.

Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·2022
Same author

Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Following Recurrent COVID-19 in Prior Bilateral Sequential Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy.

Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·2022
Same author

Optic nerve sheath diameter and spaceflight: defining shortcomings and future directions.

NPJ microgravity·2022
Same author

Progressive Optic Neuropathy in Cerebellar Ataxia, Areflexia, Optic Atrophy, and Sensorineural Hearing Loss Syndrome: The Importance of Targeted Gene Testing.

Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·2022
Same author

Visual Loss as the Presenting Manifestation of Leptomeningeal Spread of Glioblastoma Multiforme to the Optic Chiasm.

Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
10:31

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

Published on: October 25, 2018

12.9K

Update on Ocular Myasthenia Gravis.

Stacy V Smith1, Andrew G Lee2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Scurlock Tower, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 450, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Neurologic Clinics
|November 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) involves painless weakness of eye muscles due to autoimmune attacks on acetylcholine receptors. While treatable with immunomodulators, research into surgical and stratified medical therapies is crucial.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseaseDiplopiaMyasthenia gravisNeuromuscular junction disorderOphthalmoplegiaPtosisWeakness

More Related Videos

Engineering and Characterization of an Optogenetic Model of the Human Neuromuscular Junction
11:07

Engineering and Characterization of an Optogenetic Model of the Human Neuromuscular Junction

Published on: April 14, 2022

2.9K
Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues
06:38

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Published on: August 4, 2022

3.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
10:31

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

Published on: October 25, 2018

12.9K
Engineering and Characterization of an Optogenetic Model of the Human Neuromuscular Junction
11:07

Engineering and Characterization of an Optogenetic Model of the Human Neuromuscular Junction

Published on: April 14, 2022

2.9K
Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues
06:38

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Published on: August 4, 2022

3.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) is a localized autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction.
  • It is characterized by autoantibodies targeting acetylcholine receptors, leading to impaired nerve signal transmission.
  • Key symptoms include painless extraocular muscle weakness and ptosis, with preserved pupillary function and visual acuity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of ocular myasthenia gravis.
  • To highlight diagnostic approaches and current treatment strategies.
  • To identify areas for future research in OMG management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria for OMG.
  • Analysis of available laboratory, electrophysiologic, and pharmacologic tests.
  • Evaluation of current therapeutic interventions and their impact on prognosis.

Main Results:

  • Diagnosis relies on characteristic clinical signs and supportive testing.
  • Symptomatic management is the initial treatment approach.
  • Immunomodulatory therapies improve patient prognosis, though a cure remains elusive.

Conclusions:

  • OMG is a distinct clinical entity requiring accurate diagnosis.
  • Current treatments focus on symptom control and immune modulation.
  • Further research is essential for advancing surgical and risk-stratified medical treatments for OMG.