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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

111
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation
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Allergic Contact Dermatitis.

Lisa Kostner1, Florian Anzengruber1, Caroline Guillod1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|November 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a T-cell mediated skin reaction to allergens. Diagnosis relies on history, examination, and patch testing, with persistent T-cells causing relapses despite avoidance.

Keywords:
AllergenContactDermatitisPatchT cellWork related

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Area of Science:

  • Immunodermatology
  • Allergen-specific immune responses
  • Cutaneous immunology

Background:

  • Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a prevalent T-cell mediated immune condition.
  • ACD poses significant medical and socioeconomic challenges.
  • It frequently co-occurs with irritant contact dermatitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic approaches for ACD.
  • To summarize current therapeutic strategies for ACD.
  • To highlight the unmet need for targeted therapies in ACD management.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical examination and patient history are paramount for diagnosis.
  • Patch testing is the established gold standard for identifying specific allergens.
  • Review of existing literature on ACD pathogenesis and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Persistent T-cell clones in the skin may underlie recurrent ACD episodes.
  • Current treatments include topical steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy, retinoids, and immunosuppressants.
  • No targeted therapies are currently available for ACD.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of ACD requires a comprehensive approach including clinical assessment and patch testing.
  • Existing treatments offer symptomatic relief but do not address the underlying T-cell response.
  • Development of targeted therapies is crucial for improving ACD management.