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Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis
Published on: June 14, 2019
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS, Human Papillomavirus, and Anal Cancer
Chia-Ching J Wang1, Joseph Sparano2, Joel M Palefsky3
1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, 995 Potrero Avenue, Building 80, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
Abstract:
Anal cancer is an increasingly common non-AIDS-defining cancer among individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV16 is the most common genotype detected in anal cancers. The HPV types detected in anal cancer are included in the 9-valent vaccine. HPV vaccines have demonstrated efficacy in reducing anal precancerous lesions in HIV-infected individuals. Standard treatment has been fluorouracil and mitomycin (or cisplatin) plus radiation. Continued studies are needed to test new treatment strategies in HIV-infected patients with anal cancer to determine which treatment protocols provide the best therapeutic index.
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