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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Adverse orienting effects on visual working memory encoding and maintenance.

Benchi Wang1, Chuyao Yan2, Zhiguo Wang2,3

  • 1Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. wangbenchi.swift@gmail.com.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|November 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Attentional orienting can impact visual working memory (VWM). This study found that while cues can strengthen VWM, they may also cause adverse effects like inhibition of return (IOR), suggesting shared attention mechanisms.

Keywords:
Inhibition of returnPre-cueRetro-cueVisual working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Attentional orienting influences visual working memory (VWM) encoding and maintenance.
  • The potential for adverse effects, such as inhibition of return (IOR), in VWM remains unexplored.
  • Investigating IOR in VWM could reveal common attentional mechanisms across perception and memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether attentional orienting can elicit inhibition of return (IOR) effects in visual working memory (VWM).
  • To determine if spatial attention mechanisms are shared between perceptual and mnemonic representations.
  • To examine the impact of pre-cueing and retro-cueing on VWM encoding, maintenance, and precision.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1 utilized pre-cueing to assess effects on VWM encoding probability and precision at varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs).
  • Experiment 2 employed retro-cueing, including a secondary cue to reorient attention, to evaluate effects on VWM performance.
  • Behavioral measures of memory performance, including probability and precision, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Pre-cueing at short SOAs increased VWM encoding probability, but at long SOAs, probability decreased, mirroring IOR.
  • Retro-cueing generally improved VWM performance.
  • When attention was reoriented centrally after retro-cueing, VWM precision suffered, indicating retained but degraded representations.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide evidence for universal spatial attentional mechanisms operating on both perceptual and mnemonic representations.
  • Attentional orienting can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on VWM, consistent with IOR phenomena.
  • This study supports the hypothesis of shared attentional control mechanisms underlying perception and working memory.