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Age differences in predictions and performance on a cued recall task.

R J Shaw1, F I Craik

  • 1University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Psychology and Aging
|June 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Older adults do not show memory monitoring deficits. This study found age differences in memory recall but not in prediction accuracy, suggesting other factors influence memory performance in older age.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Aging
  • Human Memory Research

Background:

  • A prevalent theory suggests older adults' memory decline stems from impaired memory monitoring.
  • This hypothesis posits that deficits in assessing one's own memory lead to suboptimal encoding strategies.
  • Investigating this link is crucial for understanding age-related cognitive changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine whether older adults exhibit a memory monitoring deficit.
  • To determine if this deficit explains age-related differences in memory task performance.
  • To compare memory monitoring abilities between younger and older adults.

Main Methods:

  • A cued recall task was employed with younger and older adult participants.
  • Encoding involved varied descriptor types (initial letters, rhyme, category) for target words.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants predicted recall likelihood for each word and received descriptors as recall cues.

    • Main Results:

    • Recall performance differed between age groups, but average prediction accuracy did not.
    • Younger adults showed a larger discrepancy between predicted and actual recall than older adults.
    • All participants poorly predicted recall based on processing type but accurately assessed word recallability.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings do not support a memory monitoring deficit as the cause of age differences in memory.
    • Age-related memory performance variations are likely attributable to factors other than monitoring ability.
    • Both age groups demonstrated similar capabilities in assessing the relative recallability of specific items.