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A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

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Published on: September 13, 2022

Choledocholithiasis: Evaluation, Treatment, and Outcomes.

Christopher Molvar¹, Bryan Glaenzer¹

¹Department of Radiology, Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.

Seminars in Interventional Radiology

|December 2, 2016

Summary

Choledocholithiasis, bile duct stones, affects up to 20% of patients with gallstones. Diagnosis uses advanced imaging, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a common, successful treatment.

Keywords:

choledocholithiasis diagnosis endoscopy interventional radiology percutaneous treatment

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Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence: Choledochoscopic Stone Extraction and Primary Duct Suture

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence: Choledochoscopic Stone Extraction and Primary Duct Suture

Published on: November 25, 2025

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Biliary Tract Disorders

Background:

Choledocholithiasis, the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct, complicates cholelithiasis in up to 20% of cases.
Bile duct stones often originate in the gallbladder, causing symptoms through biliary obstruction.

Approach:

Diagnostic modalities include advanced imaging such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
Treatment strategies are localized but frequently involve ERCP with sphincterotomy for high success rates.

Key Points:

ERCP with sphincterotomy is a primary treatment for common bile duct stones.
Complex cases involving difficult anatomy or large stone burdens necessitate advanced endoscopic, surgical, or percutaneous interventions.
Optimizing patient outcomes relies on understanding and applying diverse treatment strategies for choledocholithiasis.

Conclusions:

Effective management of choledocholithiasis requires accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment approaches.
Advanced techniques are crucial for managing challenging bile duct stone cases.
Knowledge of current treatment options improves outcomes for patients with common bile duct stones.