Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Disorders of Acid-Base Balance

2.3K
The human body maintains a precise pH range of arterial blood between 7.35 and 7.45. Deviations result in either acidosis (pH < 7.35) or alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These conditions are further classified as respiratory or metabolic disorders based on their underlying cause.
Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis occurs due to an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide PCO2 in the blood. It often arises from shallow breathing or impaired gas exchange caused by...
2.3K
Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis01:24

Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis

1.5K
Diagnosing acid-base imbalances involves systematically analyzing arterial blood samples, focusing on three key measurements: pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration, and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2). This analysis follows a four-step process that helps identify the imbalance's underlying cause and nature.
First, the pH level is assessed to determine whether the blood pH is normal (7.35–7.45), low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis).
Next, the PCO2  and...
1.5K
Compensation Mechanisms01:28

Compensation Mechanisms

2.4K
The human body employs intricate mechanisms to counteract changes in blood pH, preventing conditions like acidosis (pH < 7.35) and alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These compensatory responses aim to restore normal arterial blood pH by engaging respiratory or renal systems, depending on the source of the imbalance.
Respiratory Compensation
This mechanism addresses metabolic-induced pH imbalances by adjusting breathing rates. Respiratory compensation begins within minutes of detecting a pH...
2.4K
Acid-Base Balance01:25

Acid-Base Balance

2.9K
The human body maintains a narrow pH range regulated through acid-base balance. This balance is crucial as changes in the hydrogen ion concentration can disrupt cell membrane stability, alter protein structures, and change enzyme activities. The normal pH of arterial blood is 7.4, venous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.35, and intracellular fluid averages 7.0.
When the pH of arterial blood rises above 7.45, it results in a condition called alkalosis. Conversely, a drop below 7.35 leads to...
2.9K
Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer01:22

Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer

7.1K
The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is critical for maintaining the body's pH balance. It operates on the equilibrium:
7.1K
Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:18

Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

2.0K
Respiratory compensation is a vital physiological process that stabilizes blood plasma pH by regulating the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), a key determinant of pH levels. Most carbon dioxide in the blood dissolves and converts into carbonic acid (H2CO3). It dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3⁻). There is also an inverse relationship between PCO2​​ and pH.
When carbon dioxide levels increase in the blood, more H+ and HCO3⁻ are...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Quick Reference on High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis.

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice·2025
Same author

Advances in Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders.

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice·2025
Same author

Quick Reference on Metabolic Alkalosis.

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice·2025
Same author

A Quick Reference on Hyperchloremic Metabolic Acidosis.

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice·2025
Same author

A Quick Reference on Phosphorus.

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice·2025
Same author

Clinical Approach to Acid-Base Disorders.

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Establishment of an Extracellular Acidic pH Culture System
09:41

Establishment of an Extracellular Acidic pH Culture System

Published on: November 19, 2017

15.5K

A Quick Reference on Metabolic Alkalosis.

Daniel S Foy1, Helio Autran de Morais2

  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 5715 West Utopia Road, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|December 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolic alkalosis involves increased pH and bicarbonate, with compensatory carbon dioxide changes. This review covers its causes, signs, and diagnostic approaches for clinical management.

Keywords:
AlkalosisBase deficitBicarbonateHypoalbuminemiaHypochloremia

More Related Videos

Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate
06:47

Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate

Published on: December 12, 2015

25.9K
An Optimized Protocol to Analyze Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration in Lymphocytes
08:40

An Optimized Protocol to Analyze Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration in Lymphocytes

Published on: November 21, 2016

31.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Establishment of an Extracellular Acidic pH Culture System
09:41

Establishment of an Extracellular Acidic pH Culture System

Published on: November 19, 2017

15.5K
Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate
06:47

Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate

Published on: December 12, 2015

25.9K
An Optimized Protocol to Analyze Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration in Lymphocytes
08:40

An Optimized Protocol to Analyze Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration in Lymphocytes

Published on: November 21, 2016

31.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Metabolic alkalosis is a common acid-base disorder.
  • It is characterized by elevated serum bicarbonate and pH.
  • Understanding its pathophysiology is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of metabolic alkalosis.
  • To outline indications for laboratory analysis.
  • To present diagnostic algorithms for evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of metabolic alkalosis.
  • Synthesis of information on causes and clinical signs.
  • Development of diagnostic algorithms.

Main Results:

  • Defined metabolic alkalosis by key biochemical parameters (pH, bicarbonate, PCO2).
  • Detailed common and uncommon causes.
  • Provided clinical signs associated with the condition.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management requires understanding the underlying causes.
  • Diagnostic algorithms aid in systematic patient evaluation.
  • This review serves as a clinical guide for acid-base disorders.