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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Thigh01:20

Muscles that Move the Thigh

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The thigh's motion is primarily governed by muscles originating in the pelvic girdle and inserted into the femur. One crucial muscle, the iliopsoas, is a combination of the psoas major and the iliacus muscles, sharing a common insertion point on the lesser trochanter of the femur.
Three other significant muscles are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. The gluteus maximus originates from the posterior surface of the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx, and the thoracolumbar...
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Muscles of the Eye01:20

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The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
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Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Muscles of the Abdomen01:21

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The abdominal wall encircles the abdominal cavity, providing flexible protection and shielding the internal organs from harm. It is bordered at the top by the xiphoid process and costal margins, at the back by the vertebral column, and at the bottom by the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament. The abdominal wall is divided into two regions — the anterolateral and posterior regions.
Anterolateral Region
The anterolateral region comprises five paired muscles classified into the lateral and...
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Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
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Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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The Gracillimus Orbitis Muscle.

David R Jordan1, Bazil Stoica

  • 1*Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa Eye Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and †Centro Oftalmologico y Oculoplastico de Madrid, Hospital Universitario Madrid Norte Sanchinarro, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain.

Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|December 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gracillimus orbitis is a rare extraocular muscle found in human orbits. Its presence is important for oculoplastic and orbital surgeons to recognize during procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Ophthalmology
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • Extraocular muscles are crucial for eye movement.
  • Anomalous muscles in the orbit are rare but clinically significant.
  • Understanding orbital anatomy variations is vital for surgical success.

Observation:

  • The gracillimus orbitis is an anomalous extraocular muscle.
  • It originates near the levator muscle and inserts near the trochlea.
  • Observed in 5-14% of cadaver orbits, it's rarely seen clinically.

Findings:

  • The gracillimus orbitis is a supernumerary muscle.
  • It has varied insertions into fascial structures and adjacent muscles.
  • Its precise function in the human orbit is largely unknown.

Implications:

  • Surgeons performing eyelid or orbital procedures may encounter this muscle.
  • Awareness of the gracillimus orbitis aids in preventing surgical complications.
  • Knowledge of this anomaly improves surgical planning and patient safety.