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Updated: Mar 10, 2026
Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Published on: June 16, 2014
Cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease: a neglected subgroup
Arun Kumar Subbiah1, Yogesh K Chhabra1, Sandeep Mahajan1
1Department of Nephrology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India.
Insights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients face high cardiovascular risks. This review covers risk factors, diagnosis, and interventions for cardiovascular disease in CKD, addressing current evidence gaps.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Non-communicable diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), represent a growing global health burden.
- CKD prevalence is increasing, with patients often experiencing premature cardiovascular mortality due to various risk factors.
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) management in CKD is complex, with limited evidence from studies including renal dysfunction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with CKD.
- To discuss the diagnostic challenges and current approaches for CVD in CKD.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of interventional strategies for managing CVD in CKD patients.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease.
- Analysis of existing studies, highlighting limitations and evidence gaps.
- Synthesis of current knowledge on interventional strategies and their efficacy.
Main Results:
- CKD patients exhibit unique cardiovascular risk profiles, differing from the general population.
- Established diagnostic tools and treatments for CVD may require adaptation or re-evaluation in CKD.
- Evidence for optimal CVD prevention and management strategies in CKD remains limited, necessitating further research.
Conclusions:
- Addressing cardiovascular disease in CKD requires tailored approaches due to specific risk factors and altered physiology.
- Further research is crucial to establish evidence-based guidelines for CVD diagnosis and treatment in renal dysfunction.
- Improved understanding and management of CVD in CKD are essential to reduce premature mortality.
Abstract:
The burden of non-communicable diseases has increased exponentially over the past decade and they account for majority of the health-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. In line with this, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasing over the years. CKD progresses through stages and it is well known that patients are more likely to die than to progress to end-stage renal disease. The presence of multiple classical and novel risk factors predisposes this group of patients to premature cardiovascular mortality. Though being a common entity, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in CKD are mired with controversies. This is due to the fact that many of the well-established diagnostic modalities and treatment strategies have not been studied in detail in patients with CKD. Moreover, most of the studies have excluded patients with renal dysfunction though they are at a higher risk for adverse outcomes and require specific dose modifications. This has limited the evidence base for optimal decision making. In this review, we aim to cover the risk factors, diagnosis and effectiveness of interventional strategies in patients with CKD.
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