The effect of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane on the circulation

This study, in open-chested dogs, sought to explore the relationship between whole-body oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption during anaesthesia, using increasing concentrations of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane. Results indicate that the cardiac index and oxygen delivery became critical at less than 1 MAC (minimal alveolar concentration of anaesthetic) for the three commonly used vapours. Halothane caused the least depression of contractility, but the stroke volume was reduced by the well-maintained afterload at 1 MAC. Enflurane and isoflurane were associated with more depression of contractility, but the cardiac output was maintained by an increase in heart rate in the case of isoflurane and reduced mean arterial pressure during the use of enflurane.