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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
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Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Membrane Domains01:18

Membrane Domains

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The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
Protein Domains
The membrane comprises a group of distinct proteins responsible for carrying out a cell's specific function. For example, the plasma membrane of the human sperm, or a single germ cell, contains a unique set of proteins in the...
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Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with...
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Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Construction of Model Lipid Membranes Incorporating G-protein Coupled Receptors GPCRs
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Interaction Forces between Lipid Rafts.

James Kurniawan1, João Ventrici1, Gregory Kittleson1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis 95616, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|December 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular lipid rafts, composed of sphingolipids and cholesterol, self-organize into stable domains. These raft membranes exhibit distinct force profiles and adhesion properties, even with topological defects, demonstrating mechanical stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cellular membranes utilize lipid rafts, specialized domains of sphingolipids and cholesterol, to organize proteins and regulate cell activity.
  • Understanding the mechanical properties and stability of these lipid rafts is crucial for comprehending cellular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the force-distance profiles between raft membranes in the liquid-ordered phase.
  • To investigate the influence of topological defects and lipid composition on membrane adhesion and stability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the surface force apparatus (SFA) to measure force-distance profiles between raft membranes.
  • Employed atomic force microscopy (AFM) to corroborate findings on membrane topology and defects.

Main Results:

  • Detected two distinct force profiles: uniform raft membranes and heterogeneous membranes with topological defects.
  • Observed weak, long-range electrostatic repulsion, with variations attributed to charged lipid species in brain sphingomyelin (BSM).
  • Raft membranes with more defects showed stronger adhesion due to exposed acyl chains, while uniform membranes had comparable adhesion to previous studies.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid-ordered raft membranes are mechanically stable under loading, even with topological defects.
  • Membrane stability is not highly sensitive to compositional variations within the studied parameters.
  • The findings provide insights into the physical behavior and resilience of lipid rafts in cellular environments.