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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Precise long non-coding RNA modulation in visual maintenance and impairment.

Peixing Wan1, Wenru Su1, Yehong Zhuo1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Journal of Medical Genetics
|December 23, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate cellular processes. This review explores lncRNA roles in vision maintenance and impairment, highlighting their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
Long noncoding RNAsOcular diseasesVisual impairmentVisual maintenanceVisual system

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial gene regulators in diverse biological processes.
  • Gene regulation is fundamental to maintaining normal vision and understanding visual impairment.
  • Recent advances in RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) facilitate large-scale lncRNA identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of lncRNA modulation in visual maintenance and impairment.
  • To elucidate the precise roles of lncRNAs in ocular health and disease.
  • To discuss the future potential of lncRNAs in ophthalmology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on lncRNAs and vision.
  • Analysis of high-throughput screening data for lncRNAs.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on lncRNA functions in biological processes relevant to vision.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are implicated in key cellular functions including proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation, all relevant to visual system integrity.
  • Specific lncRNAs have been identified that are dysregulated in various visual impairments.
  • lncRNAs offer insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying visual maintenance and disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are significant regulators in maintaining visual function and are involved in visual impairments.
  • Understanding lncRNA roles presents opportunities for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in ophthalmology.
  • Targeting lncRNAs may offer new therapeutic strategies for treating eye diseases.