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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

5.6K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Ex Utero Culture of Mouse Embryos from Pregastrulation to Advanced Organogenesis
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Ex Utero Culture of Mouse Embryos from Pregastrulation to Advanced Organogenesis

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Estimating limits for natural human embryo mortality.

Gavin E Jarvis1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.

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|December 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human embryonic mortality is lower than previously thought, with a plausible range of 40-60% from fertilization to birth. This study re-analyzes data to better estimate early pregnancy loss.

Keywords:
early pregnancy lossembryo mortalityfecundabilityhuman chorionic gonadotrophin

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Human embryology
  • Perinatal mortality

Background:

  • High human embryonic mortality rates (≥70%) are widely cited but lack direct supporting data.
  • Quantifying early embryo loss between fertilization and implantation is challenging due to data limitations.
  • Previous studies on pregnancy loss relied on limited prospective data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-analyze existing prospective studies on early pregnancy loss.
  • To estimate the prevalence of sub-fertility in women attempting conception.
  • To provide a more accurate range for human embryo and fetal mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Re-analysis of aggregate data from three prospective studies (Wilcox, Zinaman, Wang).
  • Daily monitoring of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to track pregnancy.
  • Statistical modeling to differentiate between fertile and sub-fertile cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct fertile and sub-fertile sub-cohorts within the studied populations.
  • Estimated sub-fertile proportions at 28.1% (Wilcox), 22.8% (Zinaman), and 6.0% (Wang).
  • Calculated hCG pregnancy conception rates: 43.2-46.2% for fertile women, 2.5-7.6% for sub-fertile women.

Conclusions:

  • Human embryonic and fetal mortality from fertilization to birth is plausibly in the 40-60% range.
  • Previous high estimates of embryonic mortality may be inaccurate due to data limitations and cohort biases.
  • Accurate quantification of early pregnancy loss requires robust, direct data.