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Related Concept Videos

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

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Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

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High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

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High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
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Gas Chromatography: Introduction01:13

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

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Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify components in complex mixtures, making it essential in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. GC is also called vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC).
In GC,  a sample is vaporized and mixed with an inert carrier gas (the mobile phase), which transports it through a...
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Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases01:17

Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases

2.7K
Gas chromatography (GC) relies on stationary phases to separate and analyze components in a sample. There are two main types of stationary phases: liquid and solid. Liquid stationary phases are non-volatile, thermally stable, and chemically inert liquids coated onto the column. Solid stationary phases are particles of adsorbent material, such as silica gel or molecular sieves.
For an analyte to remain on the column for a sufficient amount of time, it must exhibit some level of compatibility (or...
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Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

9.4K
The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
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A Supercritical Fluid Chromatograph for Physicochemical Studies.

Thomas J Bruno1

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
|January 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new supercritical fluid chromatograph enables physicochemical measurements and chemical analysis. This instrument successfully measured toluene diffusion coefficients in supercritical carbon dioxide, advancing material science research.

Keywords:
diffusion coefficientssupercritical fluid chromatography

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is a powerful separation technique.
  • Accurate physicochemical data are crucial for understanding fluid behavior and material properties.
  • Existing instrumentation may have limitations in performing diverse physicochemical measurements alongside chemical analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and construct a novel supercritical fluid chromatograph.
  • To enable simultaneous physicochemical measurements and chemical analysis.
  • To validate the apparatus by measuring diffusion coefficients of toluene in supercritical carbon dioxide.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed description of the custom-designed supercritical fluid chromatograph.
  • Application of the instrument for physicochemical measurements including diffusion coefficients.
  • Experimental determination of toluene diffusion coefficients in supercritical carbon dioxide at 313 K and pressures from 133 to 304 bar.

Main Results:

  • The designed SFC apparatus is capable of performing various physicochemical measurements.
  • Successful measurement of diffusion coefficients for toluene in supercritical carbon dioxide.
  • Collected data were discussed and compared with existing literature values for similar systems.

Conclusions:

  • The developed supercritical fluid chromatograph offers unique capabilities for both chemical analysis and physicochemical measurements.
  • The instrument provides reliable data for diffusion coefficients in supercritical fluids.
  • This apparatus advancements contribute to the field of supercritical fluid applications and material characterization.