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Related Concept Videos

Nociception01:44

Nociception

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Pain01:20

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Sound Intensity Level00:53

Sound Intensity Level

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Humans perceive sound by hearing. The human ear helps sound waves reach the brain, which then interprets the waves and creates the perception of hearing. The loudness of the environment in which a person is located determines whether they can distinguish between different sound sources.
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
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Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Psychophysically-anchored, Robust Thresholding in Studying Pain-related Lateralization of Oscillatory Prestimulus Activity
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Brain oscillations differentially encode noxious stimulus intensity and pain intensity.

Moritz M Nickel1, Elisabeth S May1, Laura Tiemann1

  • 1Department of Neurology and TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.

Neuroimage
|January 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pain intensity and stimulus intensity are represented differently in the brain. While stimulus intensity uses alpha and beta oscillations in sensorimotor areas, pain intensity relies on gamma oscillations in the medial prefrontal cortex, independent of stimulation side.

Keywords:
AlphaBetaGammaNociceptionOscillationsPainTonic

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Human Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Noxious stimuli typically lead to pain, but pain intensity can diverge from stimulus intensity, especially in chronic pain.
  • Understanding how the brain differentially encodes stimulus and pain intensity is crucial for chronic pain research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cerebral representation of noxious stimulus intensity and pain intensity using electroencephalography (EEG).
  • To explore how these representations differ and change over time during sustained painful stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electroencephalography (EEG) on 39 healthy participants undergoing 10 minutes of painful heat stimulation.
  • Analyzed time courses of objective stimulus intensity and subjective pain ratings.
  • Examined neuronal oscillations (alpha, beta, gamma frequencies) in relation to stimulation and pain intensity.

Main Results:

  • Dissociation observed between stimulus intensity and subjective pain ratings over time.
  • Stimulus intensity encoded by decreased alpha and beta oscillations in sensorimotor areas, dependent on stimulation side.
  • Pain intensity encoded by gamma oscillations in the medial prefrontal cortex, independent of stimulation side.

Conclusions:

  • Noxious stimulus to pain translation involves a shift from spatially specific sensorimotor encoding to spatially independent medial prefrontal cortex encoding.
  • This shift highlights distinct neural mechanisms for stimulus and pain intensity representation, relevant to chronic pain syndromes.