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Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure induced by paraphenylenediamine
Z Averbukh1, D Modai, Y Leonov
1Department of Nephrology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin Israel.
Abstract:
1. We present a 40-year-old healthy man who developed a typical clinical picture of rhabdomyolysis following the administration of paraphenylenediamine by a witchdoctor as a pain killer. 2. Two groups of 15 mice were given paraphenylenediamine 70 mg/kg and 35 mg/kg respectively. Biochemical and histological findings of rhabdomyolysis developed in both groups, without kidney damage. 3. Paraphenylenediamine may cause rhabdomyolysis resulting in acute renal failure in humans. In mice, however, it produces rhabdomyolysis, but the kidneys are not affected.
Insights
Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) can cause rhabdomyolysis, a condition where muscle tissue breaks down. While PPD-induced rhabdomyolysis may lead to kidney failure in humans, it does not affect the kidneys in mice.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Nephrology
- Muscle Physiology
Background:
- Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is a chemical commonly found in hair dyes and other products.
- Unconventional use of PPD as a painkiller has been reported.
- Rhabdomyolysis is a serious medical condition characterized by the rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle.
Observation:
- A case study of a 40-year-old man who developed rhabdomyolysis after ingesting PPD for pain relief.
- Experimental study involving two groups of 15 mice administered PPD at doses of 70 mg/kg and 35 mg/kg.
Findings:
- Both human and mouse models exhibited biochemical and histological evidence of rhabdomyolysis following PPD exposure.
- In mice, PPD-induced rhabdomyolysis occurred without any observable kidney damage.
- The human case presented a typical clinical picture of rhabdomyolysis, suggesting a potential link to PPD ingestion.
Implications:
- PPD ingestion poses a risk of rhabdomyolysis in humans, potentially leading to acute kidney injury.
- The differential effect of PPD on kidneys between humans and mice warrants further investigation.
- This study highlights the dangers of using industrial chemicals for medicinal purposes.