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Jeremy B Clark1, Florent Lecocq1, Raymond W Simmonds1

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.

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Researchers cooled a macroscopic mechanical object below the quantum backaction limit using squeezed light. This breakthrough in quantum cooling enables exploration of quantum physics in larger systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Optomechanics
  • Quantum optics

Background:

  • Quantum vacuum fluctuations cause physical effects like Casimir forces and Lamb shift.
  • These fluctuations impose a quantum backaction limit on laser cooling of mechanical systems.
  • Squeezed light can reduce amplitude fluctuations, offering a way to overcome this limit.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate cooling of macroscopic mechanical objects below the quantum backaction limit using squeezed light.
  • To explore the potential of squeezed light in achieving near-ground-state cooling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a microwave cavity optomechanical system.
  • Employed a coherent state of light for initial cooling.
  • Used a squeezed microwave field, generated by a Josephson parametric amplifier, for further cooling.
  • Analyzed mechanical sidebands via heterodyne spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Cooled the system to within 15% of the quantum backaction limit with coherent light.
  • Achieved cooling more than two decibels below the quantum backaction limit using squeezed microwaves.
  • Measured a minimum thermal occupancy of 0.19 ± 0.01 phonons.

Conclusions:

  • Squeezed light effectively cools macroscopic mechanical objects below the quantum backaction limit.
  • The technique allows for cooling low-frequency mechanical oscillators closer to their motional ground state.
  • Enables new avenues for exploring quantum phenomena in larger, more massive systems.