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Updated: Aug 14, 2025
09:23
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
Published on: May 30, 2014
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Entanglement Thresholds of Doubly Parametric Quantum Transducers
Curtis L Rau1,2, Akira Kyle1,2, Alex Kwiatkowski1,2
1Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
Physical Review Applied
|January 12, 2023
Summary
Doubly parametric quantum transducers can entangle optical and microwave modes, crucial for quantum networking. Surprisingly, quantum operation doesn't require high cooperativity or ground-state cooling.
Area of Science:
- Quantum information science
- Quantum optics
- Quantum acoustics
Background:
- Doubly parametric quantum transducers are vital for linking quantum information in disparate frequency domains (optical and microwave).
- This technology is key for long-distance networking of superconducting quantum computers.
- Experimental progress has reduced decoherence, but fundamental requirements for quantum operation remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To derive protocol-independent conditions for doubly parametric transducers to achieve quantum operation.
- To characterize the entanglement capabilities of transducers acting as two-mode bosonic Gaussian channels.
- To identify the necessary and sufficient parameter conditions for entangling optical and microwave modes.
Main Methods:
- Modeling the transducer as a two-mode bosonic Gaussian channel with beamsplitter-type and two-mode squeezing-type interactions.
- Analyzing parameter thresholds to distinguish channel properties like separability and entanglement capacity.
- Investigating conditions for quantum operation, including temperature, cooperativity, and loss.
Main Results:
- Simple, protocol-independent expressions for necessary and sufficient conditions for quantum operation were derived.
- Beamsplitter-type interaction shows parameter thresholds for separability and entanglement capacity.
- Two-mode squeezing-type interaction always produces distillable entanglement, irrespective of temperature, cooperativity, or loss.
- Achieving quantum operation is possible without quantum cooperativity exceeding one or ground-state cooling.
Conclusions:
- Current state-of-the-art devices are theoretically capable of entangling optical and microwave modes.
- The findings provide fundamental insights into the requirements for quantum transducer operation.
- This work clarifies the conditions for enabling quantum networking between superconducting quantum computers and other quantum systems.
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