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Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

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Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles
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Reversible control of solubility using functionalized nanoparticles.

Samir A Kulkarni1, Allan S Myerson1

  • 1Novartis-MIT Center for Continuous Manufacturing and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. myerson@mit.edu.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functionalized nanoparticles reversibly control solubility, inducing dissolution or crystallization. Magnetic nanoparticles enable easy removal, reducing solvent use in chemical processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Controlling solubility is crucial in chemical processes like crystallization and dissolution.
  • Current methods often rely on antisolvents or cosolvents, increasing solvent waste.
  • Reversible solubility control offers a greener alternative to traditional solvent manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for reversible solubility control using functionalized nanoparticles.
  • To demonstrate the ability of these nanoparticles to induce both dissolution and crystallization.
  • To highlight the potential for reducing solvent usage in chemical manufacturing.

Main Methods:

  • Functionalization of nanoparticles with groups acting as co-solvents or anti-solvents.
  • Utilizing magnetic nanoparticles for facile separation and process reversibility.
  • Testing the method on various solute-solvent systems, including d-mannitol-water, NaCl-water, fenofibrate-ethyl acetate, benzoic acid-water, and 4-nitrophenol-water.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated solubility reduction (crystallization induction) for d-mannitol, NaCl, and fenofibrate systems.
  • Showcased solubility increase (dissolution induction) for benzoic acid and 4-nitrophenol systems.
  • Confirmed reversibility of the solubility manipulation upon nanoparticle removal.

Conclusions:

  • Functionalized nanoparticles offer a versatile tool for tunable solubility control.
  • The reversible nature, enhanced by magnetic nanoparticles, simplifies process design.
  • This approach significantly reduces the need for additional solvents, promoting sustainable chemistry.