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Balanced detection for self-mixing interferometry.

Kun Li, Federico Cavedo, Alessandro Pesatori

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    A novel self-mixing interferometry detection scheme uses two photodiodes for differential acquisition. This balanced detection method enhances signal quality and enables precise distance and vibration measurements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Interferometry
    • Optical Sensing

    Background:

    • Self-mixing interferometry (SMI) is a technique that utilizes the interference of light backscattered from a target within a laser cavity.
    • Traditional SMI systems can be susceptible to noise from laser intensity modulation and external disturbances.
    • Improving signal quality and robustness is crucial for reliable displacement and distance measurements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a new differential acquisition scheme for self-mixing interferometry.
    • To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and reduce unwanted signals in SMI systems.
    • To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method for absolute distance and displacement-vibration measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of a differential acquisition system using two photodiodes placed at the laser diode facet outputs.
    • Leveraging the phase opposition of the self-mixing signal between the two outputs.
    • Performing subtraction of the two photodiode signals to achieve a balanced detection effect.

    Main Results:

    • The differential acquisition scheme effectively improves the signal quality of the self-mixing interferometry system.
    • Unwanted signals caused by laser modulation, power supply fluctuations, and transimpedance amplifier disturbances are significantly canceled.
    • Experimental validation confirms the system's capability for accurate absolute distance and displacement-vibration measurements.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed two-photodiode differential acquisition scheme offers a robust and effective method for self-mixing interferometry.
    • Balanced detection in SMI systems is beneficial for noise reduction and signal enhancement.
    • This approach provides valuable design guidance for advanced self-mixing interferometer systems.