Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

1.6K
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
1.6K
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

1.9K
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
1.9K
Overview of Synapses01:25

Overview of Synapses

6.7K
A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...
6.7K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

1.1K
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
1.1K
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

1.5K
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
1.5K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

1.1K
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mapping neural representations of fine and gross upper-limb movements across dorsoventral subthalamic nucleus subregions in Parkinson's disease.

Journal of neural engineering·2026
Same author

Theta Oscillations, Oculomotor Processing, and Neural Synchronization: A Review.

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

Correction to: Early Recognition and Intervention for Poststroke Spasticity: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Stroke·2026
Same author

Real-time brain-computer interface control of walking exoskeleton with bilateral sensory feedback.

Brain stimulation·2026
Same author

Giant serpentine aneurysm: Imaging features including potential diagnostic utility of arterial spin labeling.

Radiology case reports·2026
Same author

Early Recognition and Intervention for Poststroke Spasticity: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Stroke·2026
Same journal

Stereotactic Accuracy and Operative Metrics Utilizing the ClearPoint Frameless Intraoperative-CT Image-Based Guidance: A Multi-Institution Analysis.

Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

A Fully MRI-Compatible, Non-Electrical System for Near Real-Time Tremor Monitoring During MR-guided Focused Ultrasound.

Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

Metric choice and programming-output concordance in DBS lead reconstruction robustness.

Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

Trends In Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery in The United States.

Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

Successful MRgFUS VIM Thalamotomy for essential tremor nearby cavernous malformation: image case report.

Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

Deep Brain Stimulation for Sleep-Wake Regulation: A Narrative Review.

Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Combining Imaging and Electrophysiology to Visualize and Record Spreading Depolarizations in Mice
07:06

Combining Imaging and Electrophysiology to Visualize and Record Spreading Depolarizations in Mice

Published on: October 4, 2024

1.1K

Interplay between Cortical Spreading Depolarization and Seizures.

Daniel R Kramer1, Tatsuhiro Fujii, Ifije Ohiorhenuan

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery
|January 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is linked to neurological injuries and epilepsy. Research explores how CSD influences seizures, with potential therapeutic implications for neurological disorders.

More Related Videos

Direct-current Stimulation and Multi-electrode Array Recording of Seizure-like Activity in Mice Brain Slice Preparation
09:39

Direct-current Stimulation and Multi-electrode Array Recording of Seizure-like Activity in Mice Brain Slice Preparation

Published on: June 7, 2016

11.2K
Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue
13:14

Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue

Published on: October 26, 2014

21.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Combining Imaging and Electrophysiology to Visualize and Record Spreading Depolarizations in Mice
07:06

Combining Imaging and Electrophysiology to Visualize and Record Spreading Depolarizations in Mice

Published on: October 4, 2024

1.1K
Direct-current Stimulation and Multi-electrode Array Recording of Seizure-like Activity in Mice Brain Slice Preparation
09:39

Direct-current Stimulation and Multi-electrode Array Recording of Seizure-like Activity in Mice Brain Slice Preparation

Published on: June 7, 2016

11.2K
Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue
13:14

Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue

Published on: October 26, 2014

21.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Electrophysiology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is an electrophysiologic event associated with neurological injuries, disrupting ion balance and vascular responses.
  • The relationship between CSD and seizures is complex, with conflicting evidence on whether CSD potentiates or limits seizure activity.
  • Ion redistribution in intra- and extracellular spaces plays a key role in the interplay between seizures and CSD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the intricate relationship between cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) and seizure activity.
  • To investigate the mechanisms by which CSD influences epileptogenesis.
  • To explore the potential of targeting CSD for therapeutic interventions in neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CSD and seizure activity.
  • Analysis of cortical sampling data on ion concentration redistribution.
  • Examination of computational modeling studies on CSD and seizure synchronization.

Main Results:

  • CSD and seizure activity share bioelectric similarities, but their interaction remains unclear.
  • Studies suggest CSD may synchronize brain tissue, potentially favoring seizures, while others indicate seizures can initiate CSD waves.
  • Vascular responses and ischemia associated with CSD are implicated in epileptogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • The precise role of CSD in potentiating or limiting seizures requires further investigation.
  • Targeting CSD presents a potential therapeutic strategy for epilepsy and related neurological conditions.
  • Understanding CSD's impact on ion homeostasis and vascular responses is crucial for developing new treatments.