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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Extracellular vesicle associated long non-coding RNAs functionally enhance cell viability.

Chris Hewson1, David Capraro1, Jon Burdach1

  • 1The University of New South Wales, Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Sydney NSW 2052 Australia.

Non-Coding RNA Research
|January 17, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long non-coding RNAs within exosomes mediate cell communication by interacting with key proteins. This discovery offers insights into cell signaling and potential cell-based therapies.

Keywords:
exosomesextracellular RNAnon-coding RNApseudogeneretroelement

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cells utilize exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles, for intercellular communication.
  • The precise mechanisms by which exosomes facilitate cell-to-cell signaling remain largely unelucidated.
  • Understanding exosome function is crucial for deciphering cellular interactions and developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in exosome-mediated cell communication.
  • To identify specific lncRNAs packaged into exosomes and their functional targets.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting exosome-associated lncRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of exosomes from cellular sources.
  • Identification and sequencing of long non-coding RNAs within exosomes.
  • In vitro assays to determine the functional impact of exosome-associated lncRNAs on recipient cells.
  • Protein interaction studies to identify targets of lncRNAs, including L-lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), high-mobility group protein 17 (HMG-17), and CSF2RB.

Main Results:

  • Specific long non-coding RNAs are preferentially packaged into exosomes.
  • These exosome-associated lncRNAs directly interact with cellular proteins LDHB, HMG-17, and CSF2RB.
  • These interactions modulate recipient cell viability, impacting metabolism, nucleosomal architecture, and cell signaling.
  • The study elucidates a novel pathway for endogenous cell-to-cell communication via lncRNA-containing exosomes.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes serve as critical mediators of intercellular communication through the transfer of specific long non-coding RNAs.
  • The identified lncRNA-protein interactions provide a molecular basis for exosome-mediated signaling.
  • This research opens avenues for developing targeted exosome-based therapies for various diseases.